Cryptocurrency Scuffold¶
Code example¶
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 | pragma solidity ^0.4.16;
interface tokenRecipient { function receiveApproval(address _from, uint256 _value, address _token, bytes _extraData) external; }
contract TokenERC20 {
string public name;
string public symbol;
uint8 public decimals = 18;
uint256 public totalSupply;
// This creates an array with all balances
mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
// This notifies clients about the amount burnt
event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
/**
* Constructor function
*
* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract
*/
function TokenERC20(
uint256 initialSupply,
string tokenName,
string tokenSymbol
) public {
totalSupply = initialSupply * 10 ** uint256(decimals); // Update total supply with the decimal amount
balanceOf[msg.sender] = totalSupply; // Give the creator all initial tokens
name = tokenName; // Set the name for display purposes
symbol = tokenSymbol; // Set the symbol for display purposes
}
/**
* Internal transfer, only can be called by this contract
*/
function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint _value) internal {
require(_to != 0x0); // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
require(balanceOf[_to] + _value >= balanceOf[_to]); // Check for overflows
uint previousBalances = balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to]; // Save this for an assertion in the future
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
balanceOf[_to] += _value; // Add the same to the recipient
emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value); // Asserts are used to use static analysis to find bugs in your code. They should never fail
assert(balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to] == previousBalances);
}
/**
* Transfer tokens
*
* Send `_value` tokens to `_to` from your account
*
* @param _to The address of the recipient
* @param _value the amount to send
*/
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
_transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Transfer tokens from other address
*
* Send `_value` tokens to `_to` on behalf of `_from`
*
* @param _from The address of the sender
* @param _to The address of the recipient
* @param _value the amount to send
*/
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;
_transfer(_from, _to, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Set allowance for other address
*
* Allows `_spender` to spend no more than `_value` tokens on your behalf
*
* @param _spender The address authorized to spend
* @param _value the max amount they can spend
*/
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public
returns (bool success) {
allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Set allowance for other address and notify
*
* Allows `_spender` to spend no more than `_value` tokens on your behalf, and then ping the contract about it
*
* @param _spender The address authorized to spend
* @param _value the max amount they can spend
* @param _extraData some extra information to send to the approved contract
*/
function approveAndCall(address _spender, uint256 _value, bytes _extraData)
public
returns (bool success) {
tokenRecipient spender = tokenRecipient(_spender);
if (approve(_spender, _value)) {
spender.receiveApproval(msg.sender, _value, this, _extraData);
return true;
}
}
/**
* Destroy tokens
*
* Remove `_value` tokens from the system irreversibly
*
* @param _value the amount of money to burn
*/
function burn(uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
totalSupply -= _value; // Updates totalSupply
emit Burn(msg.sender, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Destroy tokens from other account
*
* Remove `_value` tokens from the system irreversibly on behalf of `_from`.
*
* @param _from the address of the sender
* @param _value the amount of money to burn
*/
function burnFrom(address _from, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the targeted balance is enough
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the targeted balance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender's allowance
totalSupply -= _value; // Update totalSupply
emit Burn(_from, _value);
return true;
}
}
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function MyToken has to have the same name as the contract MyToken. This is a special, startup function that runs only once and once only when the contract is first uploaded to the network
Transfer function¶
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public {
/* Check if sender has balance and for overflows */
require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= _value && balanceOf[_to] + _value >= balanceOf[_to]);
/* Add and subtract new balances */
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value;
balanceOf[_to] += _value;
}
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To stop a contract execution mid-execution you can either return or throw The former will cost less gas but it can be more headache as any changes you did to the contract so far will be kept. In the other hand, ‘throw’ will cancel all contract execution, revert any changes that transaction could have made and the sender will lose all Ether he sent for gas. But since the Wallet can detect that a contract will throw, it always shows an alert, therefore preventing any Ether to be spent at all.
Internal functions¶
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | /* Internal transfer, can only be called by this contract */
function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint _value) internal {
require (_to != 0x0); // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
require (balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
require (balanceOf[_to] + _value >= balanceOf[_to]); // Check for overflows
require(!frozenAccount[_from]); // Check if sender is frozen
require(!frozenAccount[_to]); // Check if recipient is frozen
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
balanceOf[_to] += _value; // Add the same to the recipient
emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
}
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Now all your functions that result in the transfer of coins, can do their own checks and then call transfer with the correct parameters. Notice that this function will move coins from any account to any other, without requiring anyone’s permission to do so: that’s why it’s an internal function, only called by the contract: if you add any function calling it, make sure it properly verifies if the caller should be have permission to move those.
Contract Administrator¶
Inheritance allows a contract to acquire properties of a parent contract, without having to redefine all of them. This makes the code cleaner and easier to reuse
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | contract owned {
address public owner;
function owned() {
owner = msg.sender;
}
modifier onlyOwner {
require(msg.sender == owner);
_;
}
function transferOwnership(address newOwner) onlyOwner {
owner = newOwner;
}
}
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This creates a very basic contract that doesn’t do anything except define some generic functions about a contract that can be “owned”. Now the next step is just to add the text is owned to the contract:
1 2 | contract MyToken is owned {
/* the rest of the contract as usual */
|